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Vladimir Konstantinovich Bukovsky ((ロシア語:Влади́мир Константи́нович Буко́вский); born 30 December 1942 in Belebey, Bashkir ASSR) was prominent in the Soviet dissident movement of the 1960s and 1970s and has remained in active opposition to the Soviet regime and its successors in Russia since being expelled from the country in late 1976. A writer,〔 351 pp.〕 neurophysiologist,〔(Bukovsky's works on neurophysiology )〕 and activist, he is celebrated for his part in the campaign to expose and halt the political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union. From May 1963 to July 1966, with a few brief months of release in 1965, the young Bukovsky was confined to psychiatric hospitals because of his opposition activities. One of the first to alert human rights activists to the growing use of indefinite psychiatric imprisonment against opponents of the regime, Bukovsky would spend a further 12 years of periodic confinement in Soviet psychiatric hospitals, labor camps and prisons. After months of negotiation between the Soviet and US governments, of which Bukovsky knew nothing, he was taken from Vladimir Prison in December 1976, flown to Switzerland, and exchanged for Luis Corvalán, the general secretary of the Communist Party of Chile, who had been released from captivity by Augusto Pinochet, the Chilean dictator. Following a short stay in the Netherlands Bukovsky settled in the UK〔()〕 where he continued his opposition to the Soviet regime and the shortcomings of its successors. Today he is a member of the international advisory council for the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation, a director of the Gratitude Fund set up in 1998 to commemorate and support former dissidents,〔(The founder of the Gratitude Fund, Yury Fyodorov was imprisoned for 15 years at the famous Leningrad plane-hijackers trial, see ''Chronicle of Current Events'', No 17 and subsequent issues for an account of this exceptional case. )〕 a member of the International Council of the New York-based Human Rights Foundation, and a Senior Fellow of the Cato Institute in Washington.〔("Vladimir Bukovsky" ), Cato Institute website〕 In 2001, Vladimir Bukovsky received the Truman-Reagan Medal of Freedom〔http://www.victimsofcommunism.org/about/trmedalrecipients.php〕 which has been awarded annually since 1993 by the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation. == Early life == Vladimir Bukovsky was born in the town of Belebey in the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (today the Republic of Bashkortostan in the Russian Federation), to which his family was evacuated during World War II. After the war he and his parents returned to Moscow where his father Konstantin (1908–1976) was a well-known Soviet journalist.〔(Konstantin Ivanovich Bukovsky, ''Kratkaya literaturnaya entsiklopedia''. Communist Party member from 1931, war correspondent, after 1946 Bukovsky worked for ''Ogonyok'' magazine; he wrote about conditions in the Soviet countryside. )〕 During his last year at school Bukovsky was expelled for creating and editing an unauthorized magazine. In order to meet the requirements to apply for a university place he completed his secondary education at evening classes. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vladimir Bukovsky」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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